High-performance liquid cooling solution delivering safe, reliable, and efficient thermal management for AI and high-density data center environments.
State-of-the-art liquid and immersion cooling solutions; A flexible, space-saving modular cooling solution built for high-density environments, efficiently supporting 100kW+ per rack with stable, hotspot-free performance.
Air-Liquid Hybrid CDU
InRow CDU
Room CDU
Single Phase Liquid Immersion Cooling Tank
Rack CDU
Pump Station
CDU and Pump Station
The choice between an in-rack, in-row, or room-size (gallery) CDU depends on your
server density, physical space, and budget. While the centralized pump station
provides the bulk water flow, the CDU acts as the localized “brain” that manages
cooling for your specific IT clusters.
Product Configurations and Considerations
CDU and Pump Station
The choice between an in-rack, in-row, or room-size (gallery) CDU depends on your server density, physical space, and budget. While the centralized pump station provides the bulk water flow, the CDU acts as the localized “brain” that manages cooling for your specific IT clusters.
Comparison of CDU Configurations
| CDU Type | Ideal For | Key Advantages | Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| In-Rack | High-density AI/HPC, edge sites, or single rack retrofits | Highest precision; shortest fluid loops; avoids row-wide failures | Takes up 4U+ of server space; more units to maintain |
| In-Row | Mid-to-large AI clusters or mixed-density rows | Scalable; cools multiple racks; easier maintenance than in-rack | Requires dedicated row space; slightly longer piping |
| Room/Gallery | Large-scale enterprise or hyperscale facilities | Most cost-efficient per kW at scale; centralized maintenance | Higher initial install cost; complex management of long pipe runs |
To work effectively with your chosen CDU, the facility pump station must include:
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Redundancy (N+1): At least two pumps of equal capacity so cooling never stops if one fails.
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Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs): Essential for matching pump speed to the actual thermal load of the CDUs, which significantly improves energy efficiency.
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Monitoring Integration: The pump station should talk to your Building Management System (BMS) to alert you to pressure drops or leaks.
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Bypass Filtration: Allows you to clean filters without shutting down the entire cooling loop.
How to Choose
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Low Density (<15kW/rack): A Room-size or In-row setup is usually most economical.
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High Density (30kW–100kW+/rack): In-rack or In-row CDUs are preferred to ensure the coolant reaches the hardware at the exact required pressure and temperature.
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Retrofitting: If adding liquid cooling to an existing air-cooled room, In-rack CDUs are often the easiest to “drop in” without major plumbing overhauls.
Product Configurations and Considerations
Single Phase Liquid Immersion Cooling
In a Single-Phase Immersion Cooling configuration, entire servers are submerged in a tank filled with a non-conductive dielectric fluid (typically hydrocarbon-based oils or synthetic fluids). Unlike two-phase systems, this fluid remains a liquid throughout the process and does not boil.
Core Configuration Components
- Immersion Tanks (Open Baths): Large, unsealed horizontal tanks where servers are installed vertically. Because the fluid has a high boiling point and low volatility, these tanks operate at atmospheric pressure and do not require airtight seals.
- Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU): Acts as the localized interface for the tank. It contains a pump to circulate the dielectric fluid and a plate heat exchanger to transfer absorbed heat to the facility’s water loop.
- Primary Cooling Loop: The facility water system (often connected to dry coolers or cooling towers) that receives heat from the CDU and rejects it to the outside environment.
- Secondary Cooling Loop: The internal circuit where dielectric fluid circulates between the submerged IT equipment and the CDU’s heat exchanger.
Critical Deployment Considerations
- Structural Load: Dielectric fluids are heavier than air, requiring reinforced floors to support tanks and submerged equipment.
- IT Hardware Modifications: Servers must be liquid-ready, with fans removed and components like HDDs replaced or relocated.
- Fluid Management: Continuous monitoring and filtration are needed to maintain fluid quality and long-term efficiency.
- Serviceability: Maintenance involves lifting servers from fluid tanks, requiring specialized equipment and drip management.
- Heat Reuse: High operating temperatures enable effective heat recovery for applications like district heating.
